Cure for AIDS could possibly be found in South Africa

 As we continue to follow the trends in HIV/AIDS and the hope for a permanent cure whether drugs or vaccine, we stumbbled on this headline:

 "Cure for AIDS could possibly be found in South Africa"
 
Early clinical trials in South Africa have given researchers new hope of developing a vaccine for AIDS and a host of other HIV prevention methods are also being tested in South Africa
The South African.com 
Scientists fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic have already revolutionised the safe sex paradigm with advances in Biomedical technology but are still a long way from creating the ultimate weapon – an AIDS vaccine.
They are confident, however, that it can be done and the chances are that this Holy Grail of medicine will be found in South Africa.

www.thesouthafrican.com

South Africa is a leader in HIV research
“South Africa is home to the largest population of people living with HIV in the world. What really distinguishes SA, however, are the strides the nation is making against the epidemic,” says Glenda Gray president of the SA Medical Research Council.

Catherine Williams, a Professional Nurse Counsellor with the TB/HIV Care Association, a Cape Town based NGO, said that it was very exciting that medical science was being creatively applied to the prevention of HIV transmission.
“These exciting new solutions have to take into account social justice issues such as equitable access, gender sensitivity and the structural oppression of vulnerable social groups,” she said.
“I would love to see social scientists, feminist scholars and poverty experts working with medical scientists. Now that would truly be groundbreaking.”
 www.thesouthafrican.com

First Nigeria Hospitals Exhibition, Fair holds Oct. 21-23, 2014

  • Written by EMEKA ANUFORO, ABUJA
THE first exhibition of healthcare facilities and services to showcase the Nigerian based hospital facilities, services and professionals to the general public will take off next week, according to the Federal Ministry of Health.
     The exhibition is scheduled for Abuja and would run from October 21 to October 23, 2014 in Abuja.
    It is organized by the Federal Ministry of Health in partnership with the Guild of Medical Directors,  the Association of the General and Private Medical Practitioners of Nigeria,  Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria,  the Medical and Laboratory Scientists Council of Nigeria,  Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria and James Daniel Consulting.
     Minister of Health, Prof Onyebuchi Chukwu, said in Abuja yesterday that the exhibition would showcase available world class medical facilities,  services and personnel that can take care of any health related problems in Nigerian citizens.
    The objective of the exhibition, he noted,  s to  launch Nigeria as an emerging regional healthcare destination and also promote Nigeria as a preferred destination for domestic patient.
     Chukwu urged Nigerians to believe in the capability of the Nigerian health professionals especially with the success registered by Nigeria in the containment of Ebola Virus Disease.
     He said: “The major objective of this exhibition is to launch Nigeria as an emerging regional healthcare destination and to promote Nigeria as a preferred destination for domestic patient and a hub for regional medical tourism seeking high quality and cost effective procedures and treatments.
   “In view of the foregoing, Federal Tertiary Health Institutions,  relevant state government hospitals,  private hospitals,  diagnostic centers,  laboratories and pharmaceutical companies from across the country will be expected to showcase the available infrastructure, services along with the location of their various healthcare facilities to Nigerians”  stated Chukwu.
     Permanent Secretary of Federal Ministry of Health, Mr Linus Awute in a welcome address stressed that the programme would ultimately place Nigeria on the pedestal of achieving delivery of quality health services to Nigeria citizens.
     He urged the public, stakeholders and the media to plan to witness the “positive trend”, which he said would assist Nigeria in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

the guardian

Ebola: Real-life lessons for nursing students


About 50 students in scrubs spent Wednesday practicing with masks, gloves and gowns. And for the first time, they're learning about Ebola as part of the curriculum.




For nursing students, minor details of routine procedures were always serious.
Now they can mean the difference between life or death — like a slip when removing a glove.

"No, no, no!" said a nursing instructor at Brookhaven College. "Wash your hands."
Or perhaps using a little too much force taking off a protective mask.
"It can really pop," warned the instructor. "Contaminate even more."

The executive dean over Brookhaven College nursing school canceled clinical work for students this week, recalling them from hospitals and offices to drill again on personal protective equipment.

About 50 students in scrubs spent Wednesday practicing with masks, gloves and gowns. And — for the first time — they're learning about Ebola as part of the curriculum.

"We're bringing them in, teaching them about Ebola. Haven't done that before," said Juanita Zapata Flint, executive dean over Brookhaven's nursing program. She said it wasn't thought necessary to teach about Ebola in the U.S. — until now.

Student Sarah Hayes said her only fear is for her unborn child.

Brandy Meierhofer said fear is not an issue. "I'm not sure fear is a constructive emotion to have," she said. "Being prepared is the best thing."
But with two Dallas nurses falling ill with Ebola, these students wonder if safety protocols outlined by the Centers for Disease Control are good enough? Is hospital equipment good enough?

"Two nurses still got it. Something is missing," said nursing dean Mark Meyer.
Instructors said students would not be placed with a known Ebola patient, but the problem lies with the unknown.

So they prepare as best they can, and remember why they're here.
"I want to help others," Sarah Hayes said without hesitation.
Student Christine Kozera admits to being leery, but she added this: "We swear an oath. It's part of nursing.

wfaa.com

5 cool scrubs tops for men

If you’re a male nurse in the market for a fall scrubs top to up your wardrobe, check out this roundup of five favorite styles.

Men’s V-neck top: Looking for a fall scrubs top? You’ll want to focus on picking darker (but still bright if you like) colored scrubs, like this Cherokee Workwear wine V-neck top. It features a chest pocket with bartacked pencil slot, set-in sleeves, a back yoke, side vents and double needle detailing.
Men’s V-neck top in Hunter: This Luxe by Cherokee hunter green men’s V-neck top is perfect for fall, and green is a color that looks great on nearly everyone. The top features a double chest pocket with ID loop, back yoke, side vents and double needle topstitching.
Men’s V-neck two-tone top: Can’t decide on a color? Forgo having to make up your mind with this Dickies two-tone men’s V-neck top that features a double chest pocket with an interior mesh pocket, a bungee loop, side vents and double needle topstitching throughout. The raglan sleeves are made with a performance knit mesh fabric that wicks moisture away from the body.
Men’s V-neck print top: We LOVE this brand-new men’s fit V-neck top from Dickies. The dark blue top has a subtle and masculine print—perfect if you want to test the waters but aren’t into, you know, Goofy prints. It features a front and back yoke, a chest pocket with an elastic bungee loop, one sleeve pocket with additional loops for holding pens, and multi-needle solid-color stitching.

Youtility” men’s V-neck top: Dark purple is a stretch for some people’s taste, but if you’re into trying something new and different, it’s a great color for men. This Dickies top features a chest pocket with an elastic bungee loop, one pocket on the left sleeve with additional self loops for holding pens, set-in sleeves, a back yoke, contrast multi-needle top stitching and side panels with side pockets.
In the comments below, tell us all about your favorite scrubs tops that remind you of fall, where you got them and how your hospital’s scrubs policies have affected your scrubs choices.

http://scrubsmag.com/5-cool-fall-scrubs-tops-for-men/

HIV/AIDS will become a thing of the past if Nigerians obey God – NACA boss, Idoko


As the Muslim faithful celebrate the Eid-el-Kabir all over the world, the Director General, National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Prof John Idoko, has said it is important to reflect on the significance of the celebration and its lesson as it relates to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care.
According to him, Qu’ran Chapter 37 highlights how, in a singular act of obedience to a divine command, Prophet Ibrahim took Ismail his son, which was begotten in his old age, to a location and prepared him for ritual of immolation as a piety to God.
“As he blindfolded him and was ready to slaughter, behold, a ministration came from the heavens. Allah conveyed good tidings stopping the killing and revealed that a ram had been approved by Him as a replacement for the sacrifice.

“God added that Ibrahim had passed the ultimate test of faith and would be amply rewarded.
“The National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), saddled with the responsibility of coordinating the HIV/AIDS multi sectorial response in Nigeria, will like to key into this festival, asking Nigerians to reflect on the lessons of sacrificing one’s most precious thing in the way of God’s command.
“If Nigerians obey the command of God, the HIV epidemic in Nigeria will become a thing of the past, as pre-marital sex, extra-marital affairs and casual sex among young people will not be happening as we learn and become educated regarding the dangers of contracting HIV/AIDS and other relates sexually transmitted infections (STI).”
Prof Idoko said reflecting on the love of almighty Allah, the level of HIV stigma is worrisome among those infected and affected.

“The love Allah showed to Prophet Ibrahim can be emulated by us. This will allow us show love and care to those infected and affected by HIV/AIDS.
“If this is done, it will not only help encourage more Nigerians to get tested and get treated but it will also allow many more people to be open about their HIV status, thereby making the disease less frightening and dreaded”.
Continuing, Idoko noted that “as true servants of Allah, we are expected to protect our neighbours as much as we protect ourselves.
“Doing this as it relates to HIV/AIDS is to get tested for HIV virus, do all that is necessary to remain negative if tested negative, commence treatment therapy if tested positive, avoid mother-to-child transmission of HIV virus by encouraging all pregnant mothers to attend antenatal clinics and ensure they give birth in government-approved designated hospitals or with trained birth attendants”.

dailypost.ng

20 things every new nursing student needs to know

It’s that time of the year! The fall semester brings a whole new class of new nursing students. Not only new to being a student, but also new to the entire world of nursing.
Trust me when I tell you that being a new student is tough enough. New nursing students not only have to learn the basics of how we do what we do, but also have to try to fit in, and well, let’s face it, survive. All sorts of new faces, new traditions, new gadgets, new places, classes, clinicals and a whole new language?!!


Would you like some tips on surviving? Here’s a quick list of 20 survival tips for the nursing newbie:
  1. It’s okay to be nervous and scared. That means you give a darn and want to do well. Trust me, you’re not alone. Your classmates are just as freaked out. Some just hide it better than others.
  2. There is strength in numbers. Meet and greet as many people as you can especially your seniors. Be respectful. You’ll be surprised how much you all have in common.
  3. Get used to not knowing something. After a decade of doing this job, you still won’t know everything. But that’s no excuse for not knowing something the second time around.
  4. Get used to meeting strangers. Give a firm handshake, look them in the eye and say their name twice.
  5. Be confident. You are going to meet A LOT of new people during your lifetime as a nurse.
  6. Walk the halls of whatever facility your clinical rotation is located. Know your way around. You’re going to need it.
  7. Ask questions. Every. Single. Day.
  8. Don’t be afraid to admit you don’t know the answer.
  9. Study your rear off. Get organized. Your patients are depending on you.
  10. Get used to being tired. The lack of sleep doesn’t stop once you graduate.
  11. Um. Peeing. Yeah. Get used to not doing that.
  12. While we’re at it. Eating. Uhh. Yeah. Get used to not doing that, too.
  13. You are going to want to quit. Don’t. You are going to want to cry. Let it out and move on.
  14. Never cry in front of a physician. They’re not worth it.
  15. You are going to meet a lot of unpleasant folks. Don’t ever let them sway you.
  16. Befriend every single nursing aide (CNA) you meet. They are the backbone of this profession.
  17. Never, ever, ever shy away from getting your hands dirty. You are not above any task.
  18. Never forget what this first year feels like. Once you move forward in your career, help the next generation.
  19. Never apologize for doing your job. Advocating for another human being is not easy.
  20. Good grief, have some fun!
by Sean Dent
Sean Dent is a second-degree nurse who has worked in telemetry, orthopedics, surgical services, oncology and at times as a travel nurse. He is a CCRN certified critical care nurse where he's worked in cardiac, surgical as well as trauma intensive care nursing. After five years practicing as an RN, Sean pursued and attained his Masters of Science in Nursing. Sean currently practices as a Board Certified Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (ACNP-BC) in a Shock Trauma urban teaching hospital. He has been in healthcare for almost 20 years. He originally received a bachelor's degree in Exercise and Sport Science where he worked as a Certified Athletic Trainer (ATC).
scrubsmag.com

What Is the (Real) Risk of HIV from Anal Sex?



The risk of HIV transmission through condom-less anal intercourse is seen to be extremely high, as much 18 times greater than vaginal intercourse according a meta-analysis conducted by researchers at Imperial College and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 2010. The reasons for the increased risk are well known and include such factors as:
  • The fragility of rectal tissues, allowing the virus a direct access into the bloodstream through tiny tears or abrasions.
  • The porousness of rectal tissues and their high susceptibility to infection even when undamaged.
  • The high concentration of HIV in semen and pre-seminal fluid ("pre cum"), which can double the risk of infection with every one-log (i.e., one digit) rise in the person's viral load.

Furthermore, the secretion of blood from damaged rectal tissues can increase the risk for the insertive ("top") partner, providing the virus a route of transmission through the urethra and/or Langerhans cells that line the head of the penis (particularly under the foreskin).


AIDS/HIV Expert

7 Ways to Stop Being Lazy on Your Day Off

Even though this post seems to focus on females, I want to assure you that males will benefit from this too.

It’s so easy to become lazy on your day off instead of doing something useful. While it’s essential to relax and enjoy doing nothing, it’s a bad idea to be lazy the whole day. In fact, there are many things you can do on your day off that doesn’t involve watching TV or sitting in front of the computer the whole day. Here are a few tried and true ways to stop being lazy on your day off.







1. Don’t sleep in
It’s so tempting to hit that snooze button over and over again when you know you don’t have to go anywhere. But, it’s actually a bad habit. While almost everyone likes sleeping in on their day off, it’s important that you don’t overdo it. Make a habit of getting up early even on your day off. Sleeping too much can be harmful to 
your health and it can make you lazier. 7-8 hours of sleep is enough to restore your body’s mental and physical energy.

2. Clean up
You will feel more at ease and ready for the day if you make you bed right away. Not only does it tidy up your room, it makes it harder to crawl back into your bed. You don’t want to mess up your newly made bed, do you? Clean your house as well and you will start your day more productively. I always feel better and more alert when my house is tidy and clean.

3. Get dressed and have breakfast
The next thing to do after you wake up and make your bed is to get dressed and eat a healthy breakfast. It’s much easier to avoid laziness when you shower and get dressed in the morning. Don’t skip your breakfast, especially on your day off, and make sure your breakfast is healthy and nutritious.

4. Plan your activities in advance
Planning your activities for your day off well in advance is an effective way to prevent boredom from arising. Make a list of the things you want to do or you need to do and plan your day accordingly. Try to do the things that energize you and are not draining. You should also have some back-up activities, such as getting your nails done or doing the laundry. If plans change, you won’t be stuck with nothing to do.

5. Exercise or just take a stroll
Boost your energy levels and improve mood by getting out and being active. When you work out, even lightly, you are less prone to being lethargic. If you don’t feel like exercising on your day off, you can simply take a stroll. Walking is a gentle, low-impact form of exercise that’s free, easy and perfect for people of all ages.

6. Stay productive
You might want to spend your day off doing nothing but it’s actually a bad idea. Sitting around all day will make you lazy and you will just waste your precious time. Why not start the project you have been putting off for long? You will stay productive and feel happy that you accomplished the important tasks while still staying at home.

7. Have a cooking contest
If you want to host a potluck party, one of the best ways to do it is through a cooking contest. You can also have a cooking contest at home. Though it can be a bit messy, you’ll have loads of fun. Invite your siblings and friends over and enjoy spending time together. If you don’t want to throw any party and you don’t want to hold any contest, then simply choose a meal you (or your friends) have never cooked before and start cooking together.
There’s a big difference between relaxing and laziness. Laziness is never a good thing and if you consider yourself a lazy person, try some of the aforementioned tips. Hopefully, they will help you be more productive even on your day off.

Do you know any other ways to stop being lazy on the days off?


Ground Zero for HIV/AIDS

 
The deadly virus responsible for the global HIV/AIDS pandemic emerged around 1920 in the city of Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, according to new research that has relevance to the effort to understand how another deadly virus, Ebola, reestablished itself in West Africa.
The study, published in the journal Science, reveals that the HIV virus was already established and spreading in Africa long before the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention first took note of it. The CDC's first record of the illness occurred on June 5, 1981, when an unusual type of "pneumonia" was detected in five homosexual men from Los Angeles.
No one then knew that the deadly strain of the virus, which has since killed an estimated 39 million people, had already taken hold in the Congo some 60 years earlier.

Why First 30 Hours Critical for Killing HIV

"It seems a combination of factors in Kinshasa in the early 20th century created a 'perfect storm' for the emergence of HIV, leading to a generalized epidemic with unstoppable momentum that unrolled across sub-Saharan Africa," co-author Oliver Pybus, an Oxford University zoologist, said.
Lead author Nuno Faria, also from Oxford University's Department of Zoology, explained that "by the end of the 1940's, over one million people were traveling through Kinshasa on the railways each year." At the time, what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo was under Belgian colonial rule and experiencing steady urban growth
Faria and his team examined the genetics of 348 "HIV-1 group M" samples from the former Belgian Congo, and 466 additional samples from nearby regions. This particular viral strain, "M," has proven to be the deadliest in humans, but virologist Beatrice Hahn of the University of Pennsylvania explained to Discovery News that it represents just one of several different instances where the illness jumped from a non-human primate to people -- likely by the consumption or handling of bushmeat.

Ebola's Deadly Jump From Animal to Animal

The researchers next compared the relatedness of the HIV genetic sequences to create phylogenies, or family trees. The scientists then calculated the rate at which the virus mutates to date the origin of each "branch" on the trees.
This reconstruction of the genetic history of HIV-1 group M revealed both the date and location of the epidemic's origins, placing Kinshasa at ground zero.
Prior research suggests that one or more people first contracted the virus from an infected chimpanzee in southeastern Cameroon. The new study holds that the individual(s) traveled to Kinshasa, where the virus became established in humans and spread.

From 1920 to 1960, the deadly viral strain and another HIV variant gradually infected people in places like Mbuji-Mayi and Lubumbashi to the south of Kinshasa. Those towns were major mining centers, so workers would travel to them via the rail lines. The virus also spread to the city of Kisangani in the north and to other outlying locations.
Beginning in 1960, however, the group M HIV virus spread tremendously escalated. The researchers attribute this to ever-increasing travel, involving Europeans, Americans and others in addition to Africans, as well as to unsterilized needles.
The needles are widely thought to have been used by public health workers attempting to eradicate other sexually transmitted diseases at a time when prostitution in the area was prevalent.

A Way to Fight the AIDS Virus With a Virus

Anthropologist James Moore of the University of California at San Diego previously studied HIV/AIDS in Kinshasa and surrounding regions.
Moore told Discovery News "that sincere, well-meaning people cutting corners in order to address genuine problems can create even worse ones."
Moore, however, is not fully convinced that the unsterilized needle usage believed to transmit the virus from person to person was limited to health campaigns targeting sex workers.

How Can Ebola Be Stopped?

He said that "the role of colonial doctors, such as Eugene Jamot, performing massive numbers of injections during smallpox and sleeping sickness campaigns in the origin of the disease keeps getting minimized. We can't learn from what we ignore."
Moore and others hope that further studies on the origins of HIV will help to unravel not only how this virus originated in humans, but also how other viruses that transmit via blood and bodily fluids, such as Ebola and Hepatitis C, became established in humans and continue to spread.
All three are believed to be zoonotic diseases, meaning that they jumped from non-human animals to people.

reference:
 http://news.discovery.com/human/health/ground-zero-for-hiv-aids-idd-1410021.htm

14 Pieces of Advice Every Nursing Student Should Receive. By Pamela Kersey

Surviving nursing school may be one of the most difficult things a student will ever do. Many nursing students have waited years to get into a program. They may have been out of school for a while as they waited for their name to come up on a waiting list. Most programs are rigorous and demanding from the very first day to the last. Students who do not have good study skills and time management skills may perish.
I have compiled a combination of suggestions on how to survive nursing school. Some of these come from my observations during more than ten years as a professor and other suggestions have come directly from students.

Advice From the Nursing Professors:
. Get organized from day one.
. Use a paper or electronic calendar to keep track of when assignments are due. Schedule time to read. I write the book name and which pages I plan to read into the days on the calendar to make sure I cover all of it.
. Know your learning style and work with it.
. There are free assessments on the internet that you can do if you are not sure.

If you are a visual learner, make flash cards with drawings. If you are an auditory learner, record your lectures and yourself reading out loud so you can listen to it while studying.
. If you do not understand something, get help right away.
. Class material in nursing school often builds on prior material. So if you do not comprehend a concept, you may find that it comes back to haunt you when you are learning more complex material.
. Don’t forget to take care of yourself.
. Eat healthy foods, get regular exercise of your choice and take time to have fun. These practices give nursing students the vitality to survive the demands of school.
Advice From the Students:
. Have at least one study partner.
New students, when you have vacation breaks, read materials to get ahead of the game. Be organized with your printed materials, save everything from first semester because it might come in handy some day. Continue to review math formulas and conversions for pharmacology because it never goes away. E-books are cheaper, very useful, and easy to carry around in your laptop or tablet or even mobile device.
. Practice very effective time management. 
For working nursing students, my advice is for them to prioritize, take breaks, and balance life. It's a struggle especially if you really can't quit your job even though you want to but it is manageable. If you're determined, you can do it. And also, just do it! Everything in nursing school is a learning experience and if you don't do it, you won't learn it, and you'll regret it. It might be intimidating, but it is better to make the mistakes now rather than in the real world when you're responsible.
. Learn from your mistakes.
Respect everyone especially dedicated teachers because we owe it all to them. Listen more and talk less if necessary. Follow your gut. Don't change answers. And always remember that nursing is a profession, but you and your loved ones are still the priority.
. Train in touch type. 
In addition to all the usual advice, knowing how to type by touch has helped me immensely as a time saver. I have an advantage over those who need to hunt and peck in addition to all the studying they do. They also should have Microsoft Office or at least Word on their computer.
. Get some sort of experience. 
My advice would be to have some sort of experience in the field before starting nursing school, whether it be CNA, EMT or anything. That would have helped me more than anything.
. Pile up those books.
Get a pathophysiology book and NCLEX review book from the start and use those along with the assigned textbooks to study new material.

. Do the assigned reading before class.
Coming to class prepared makes a huge difference. Even if you just read the key points and outline of the chapters before lecture, it really does help you understand the material as well as retain it.
. Take time to review. 
Shortly after lecture, take 30 minutes to 1 hour to review the information that was discussed in lecture. Make sure you do it right away because the longer you put it off the less information you will retain.
. Join a small study group.
Studying with them will help you as well as the others in the group review the information. If you are able to put the lecture material in your own words and present it to the study group, chances are you know the information very well.
. Do as many practice questions as possible.
This will help you with knowledge of how to break down each question as well as increase your critical thinking skills.
Being a nursing student is difficult but you can do it. Besides being one of the most difficult periods in your life, it is also one of the most rewarding. You will be amazed at how much you have learned by the end of each semester. You may not stay friends forever but you will always remember your classmates and the bond that you shared.
You will also remember those first patients who were willing to let you practice on them to help you learn while they suffered with illness. You will not only learn about how to be a nurse, but you will also learn so much about yourself and how much you can achieve.

 reference:

http://www.nursingworldnigeria.com/2014/10/14-pieces-of-advice-every-nursing-student-should-receive-by-pamela-kersey/

pix: @nellyiyaji, @backt'areainfirstation

The best kinds of exercise for pregnancy

The benefits of exercise during pregnancy

exercise during pregnancy




Exercise does wonders during pregnancy. It boosts mood, improves sleep, and reduces pregnancy aches and pains. It helps prevent and treat gestational diabetes and may keep preeclampsia at bay. It prepares you for childbirth by strengthening muscles and building endurance, and makes it much easier to get back in shape after your baby's born.



Exercise is so beneficial during pregnancy that the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists recommends pregnant women exercise at least 30 minutes a day most days of the week. The ideal workout gets your heart pumping, keeps you limber, manages weight gain, and prepares your muscles without causing undue physical stress for you or the baby.



The following activities are usually safe for expectant moms, although some of them may not work for you during the last few months of your pregnancy. Make sure you consult your healthcare provider before embarking on any exercise regimen.

Cardiovascular

  • ·       Walking: One of the best cardiovascular exercises for pregnant women, walking keeps you fit without jarring your knees and ankles. It's also easy to do almost anywhere, doesn't require any equipment beyond a good pair of supportive shoes, and is safe throughout all nine months of pregnancy.
  • ·       Swimming: Healthcare providers and fitness experts hail swimming as the best and safest exercise for pregnant women. Swimming is ideal because it exercises both large muscle groups (arms and legs), provides cardiovascular benefits, and allows expectant women to feel weightless despite the extra pounds of pregnancy.
  • ·       Low-impact aerobics: Aerobic exercise strengthens your heart and tones your body. And if you take a class for pregnant women, you'll enjoy the camaraderie of other moms-to-be and feel reassured that each movement is safe for you and your baby.
  • ·       Dancing: You can get your heart pumping by dancing to your favourite tunes in the comfort of your own living room, with a DVD, or at a dance class, but steer clear of routines that call for leaps, jumps, or twirls.




Flexibility and strength

Yoga for Pregnant Women
  • ·       Yoga: Yoga can help maintain muscle tone and keep you flexible with little if any impact on your joints. But you may have to augment a yoga regimen with walking or swimming several times a week to give your heart a workout.
  • ·       Stretching: Stretching is wonderful for keeping your body limber and relaxed and preventing muscle strain. Add stretching to your cardiovascular exercises to get a complete workout.
  • ·       Weight training: If weight training is already part of your exercise routine, there's no reason to stop, although most women should reduce the amount of weight they're lifting (you can do more repetitions to ensure that you're still getting a good workout). If you take the necessary precautions and use good technique (meaning slow, controlled movements), weight training is a great way to tone and strengthen your muscles.



Baby Centre

Interview with WINIFRED OGBEBO

The fear of HIV/AIDS, that debilitating disease, remains the beginning of wisdom for everyone. A recent report that HIV infection was on the increase in the country was not well received.

 But in this interview with WINIFRED OGBEBO, the director-general, National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Prof. John Idoko debunks such claim, while giving reports of the activities of the agency.

A recent report in one of the newspapers said HIV infection is on the increase. How true is this?

Let me start by telling you how some of these figures are arrived at. What has happened is that through our ante natal surveillance report of 2010, UNAID has used that and many other agencies, like CDC etc to model how many new infections there are in Nigeria, basically also, using the population. As you know,one of the things that has happened is that Nigeria’s population continues to rise on an annual basis. So if you are using that and putting other issues like number of people on treatment and all that, you tend to get a figure for something like Nigeria which population is expanding at a very rapid rate to continue to grow up.If you look at where we should be, if you look at the UNAID figures, it shows that new infections in this country are actually on a downward trend.
But we have seen some of these figures that tend to go up but we have a challenge with it for many reasons. We know clearly that in many of the areas, we have made tremendous improvement, particularly, in the last one year. For the first time, we were able to put 150,000 in a year on drugs. We know clearly that that has a profound effect of cutting down new infections. We have also seen that the number of women who receive interventions, this is the highest since we started r HIV/AIDS response, 57,000, still far from where we need to be, but we have seen the number of people accessing HIV grow from a mere 30 percent a year to 46 percent of those who require those drugs. We have also seen PMTCT rise from 20 percent to 30 percent, still far from where we are supposed to be, but all these are supposed to cut down on new infections. So certainly, one is not sure that new infections are rising as being proposed by some people.

What about the issue of paediatric AIDS?

Clearly, the big portion of paediatric AIDS is modeled and thought to be coming from transmission from mother to child and the point I am trying to make is that it is true we are certainly not as much as we should be, ideally, our target for 2015 is 80-90 percent. But I am just seeing that in one year, we have made more progress than we have made in the previous four years. I remember clearly that in 2009, we were around four percent, now we are at 30 percent. So it is true, it is one of our biggest burdens but certainly not near where it was, two or three years ago.

How far have you gone with integrating HIV services in Primary Health Care centres?

That is ongoing and that actually is where we are driving a lot of our expansion right now because it takes HIV management closer to the people and we are actually integrating not only HIV but TB services and PMTCT services. The reason for that is that first,it takes the services closer to the people. Secondly, because the drugs are not a cure, you have to take them on a continuous basis. You want to make sure that a patient doesn’t drop out of his treatment. So services that are close to the people through the PHCs make a lot sense and therefore, keep the patient in retention and reduce infection. So adherent is a lot better.

Are the pregnant women still accessing care in PHCs?

Yes, they are. Where we have issues are structural issues. For example, if you look at PMTCT issues, there are two sides to it, the supply and the demand side. The supply side relates to service provision, facilities, human resources, drugs and equipment. Where we have issues which we are also addressing is the supply side.

Why do we have all these and the women are not going to access PMTCT either in the PHCs, private clinics or even in the secondary and tertiary hospitals?

So we find for example, cultural issues. Many of the women believe that it is better to deliver at home, in the mosque or in the church,and then you have traditional birth attendants. So those are the things that are driving women away from various health centres and also the attitude of the staff in the health centres. We are trying to look at all that.

How many HIV positive Nigerians are currently on treatment?

We have 642,000 Nigerians on treatment. It’s a huge margin to what we had last year. That is why we went ahead to develop the president’s comprehensive response plan so that we can quickly ramp up the number of patients on drugs.

In National Response, what are your priority areas?

We have four co-interventions, treatment. Treatment is very key because you can keep people alive and even more importantly, you can interrupt transmission. Countries that have had so many people on drugs have had a dramatic drop in the number of new infections. That is actually what we need to do. There’s a point called the tipping point when the number of people on drugs overtakes the number of new infections, you start having a huge drop. We need to test people too. In this society, so many people are HIV positive, they don’t know their status and they are transmitting.

Now that the anti stigma and anti discrimination HIV Bill is passed, what are your expectations?

We are very delighted about it because as you know a lot of people are getting turned down either in schools or in jobs.So it now ensures that people can be prosecuted because they have refused to engage somebody who has HIV. It’s a very good advocacy point for everyone who has HIV but beyond that, I think it is important for us to also ensure that it takes our fight against stigma and discrimination to the provision of services and that for me, is also key because the expansion of HIV services cannot happen in the face of thriving stigma. So it’s a very good omen for us in terms of trying to ensure that we expand prevention, care and support.

How far about our efforts to develop our own vaccine?

It’s a very good point that you have raised. Remember that we developed HIV vaccine plan about two years ago. In that plan, we ironed out about 12 next actionable points, part of which we are gradually implementing. For example, by last year, we had printed out the vaccine plan, the next thing we need to do is to now see how we can train people to start looking at some of the studies that are also important in terms of engaging in vaccine study. There are a number of community studies, there are a number of things that can happen in the laboratory and there are a number of capacities that we can build either in collaboration with other institutions, that is what is happening.Nigeria, through NACA is one of the five countries that is involved in a demonstration study for pre-exposure Prophylaxis. In fact, between July and November last year, we did the formative study, which is like the behaviour component of the study where we interviewed so many people round the country, to find out from them whether or not this is important and the answer was a resounding yes.

WINIFRED OGBEBO is a Journalist with Leadership Newspaper

Five promising steps forward in HIV science

9 July 2014, 2.40pm AEST
 Article


The field of HIV treatment and prevention has been freshly energized by the findings from several recent clinical trials. Maintaining the momentum of scientific discoveries and breakthroughs is critical to preventing further HIV infections, improving care for the 35 million people living with HIV and because other critical global health priorities compete for funding in our fiscally-constrained world. While many breakthroughs in HIV research have happened over the past couple of years, I’m going to explore five of the most significant of these in recent times. 

Treatment as prevention 
In the area of HIV prevention, striking findings were reported recently by the European PARTNER study group. The study recruited gay and heterosexual couples who practice condomless sex where one partner was HIV positive (this means they are HIV “serodifferent”). To participate in the study, the HIV positive partner had to be on treatment that had fully suppressed the virus. This happens in approximately 90% of people who adhere well to their HIV treatment. Researchers reported the risk of HIV transmission was remarkably low: their findings suggest that over a 10-year period of practicing condomless sex, HIV transmission would occur in only 4%, or one in 25 couples. This research demonstrates the principle of “treatment as prevention” – where the treatment of HIV positive people prevents onward transmission. It provides long-awaited information to help HIV serodifferent couples navigate transmission risks during sexual intimacy.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis 
 Another important HIV prevention measure is known as pre-exposure prophylaxis. This involves people at risk of infection taking a daily antiretroviral tablet in conjunction with other HIV prevention measures, such as condom use and regular testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Over the past few years, several studies enrolling people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men as well as heterosexuals have shown that pre-exposure prophylaxis can reduce HIV transmission by between 44% and 75%. It’s also been showed to reduce risk of transmission among people who adhere to their daily medication by 99%. In Australia, pre-exposure prophylaxis is currently available in Victoria and will soon be available in New South Wales and Queensland, via demonstration projects where its use, effectiveness and acceptability will be studied. Antiretroviral therapy A number of combinations of antiretroviral agents are available for people living with HIV who choose to start this treatment. Several of these regimens require only tablet daily. This small pill burden and the relatively low toxicity profile of newer antiretroviral drugs make it easier for people living with the virus to adhere to their medications. To further enhance adherence, injectable long-acting antiretroviral treatments have been designed and are being evaluated in early clinical trials. These agents may last for up to 12 weeks and could theoretically be used for the purpose of HIV treatment and prevention. 

Co-infection of HIV and hepatitis C 
 People who are co-infected with both HIV and hepatitis C are at risk of developing severe liver disease, and are at risk of more rapid development of cirrhosis of the liver. In 2012, approximately 9% of HIV positive people in Australia were co-infected with hepatitis C. In other countries, up to 80% of HIV positive people who inject drugs are co-infected with hepatitis C. Recent data from several studies have shown new treatments for hepatitis C are highly effective, with lower toxicity and shorter treatment durations (eight to 24 weeks) than older treatment regimens, which took up to 48 weeks. The efficacy of these agents in people who have both hepatitis C and HIV infection are being evaluated in several studies. One of the big challenges for using this approach is getting price reductions for both the older and new agents used for hepatitis C treatment. 

Towards a cure 
The chief obstacle to curing HIV infection is the virus' persistence in a latent form within certain cell reservoirs in the body. The main challenges for finding a cure for HIV infection then include preventing the virus from establishing latency in these cellular reservoirs during acute infection, and removing the latent virus from reservoirs during chronic infection. It’s possible the development of latent HIV reservoirs was prevented in the case of the “Mississippi Baby“ who received HIV treatment within 30 hours of delivery. This treatment was continued for 18 months, and tests have shown that even at 40 months of age, she has no virus detectable in her blood plasma. Initiatives to prevent HIV from establishing latency and to remove latent HIV from the reservoirs during chronic HIV infection, including boosting the immune system with vaccines, are planned or underway in several clinical studies. The community is waiting to hear their results. 

These five areas are just some in the ways HIV science is progressing. We expect to hear the results of several of these and other studies at the 20th International AIDS Conference to be held in Melbourne July 20 to 25.

 

The field of HIV treatment and prevention has been freshly energised by the findings from several recent clinical trials. Maintaining the momentum of scientific discoveries and breakthroughs is critical…

Author

Edwina Wright 
Associate Professor at Monash University

Edwina Wright receives funding from a research grant from NIH, a Career Development Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, research funding from the Victorian Department of Health and unrestricted research funds from Gilead, Abbott, Janssen Cilag and Boehringer Ingelheim. She has also received funding that has been used for research purposes only from ViiV, Merck, Gilead, and Abbott for consultancy work, payment for lectures from ViiV and payment for developing educational resources for ViiV and Gilead. The study drug for the VicPrEP study has been donated by Gilead Sciences.


 

Opinion: Don’t let insurers degrade HIV coverage

BY KEN RAPKIN, Special to the Miami HeraldJuly 7, 2014 In May, several Florida insurers became the target of an administrative complaint filed by the National Health Law Program and the AIDS Institute alleging that they are charging “inordinately high co-payments and co-insurance for medications used in the treatment of HIV and AIDS.”This is particularly disturbing given the fact that people who are diagnosed with HIV/AIDS have a much better chance of living longer than they did even 10 years ago thanks to scientific advances being made and the drugs that have become available as a result. An estimated 60,000 Americans living today have had the HIV virus for 25 years or more and half of the HIV-positive population in the United States will be over the age of 50 by 2015. Meanwhile, the costs associated with their care will only continue to rise as this population ages.Excluding or making it difficult for those with HIV/AIDS to procure full medical coverage is extremely dangerous. Making it harder for people with HIV to access medical care, and life-saving/life-extending drugs does great harm. The mental and emotional anguish of being discriminated against or denied proper insurance coverage is especially taxing and creates additional hardships.The most recent published estimate of lifetime HIV treatment costs was $367,134 in 2009 dollars. according to the CDC. In 2012, the U.S. spent nearly $15 billion on HIV care and medication.Why should South Floridians care? Miami has the highest HIV/AIDS rate in the country with 37.2 per 100,000 people, or a total of 64,573 people living with the disease, according to the U.S. Census Bureau and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Private sector contributions are becoming increasingly important, as government funding, not only for care and treatment of the disease but also for research, has dried up in recent years. Many private nonprofits, including the Elton John AIDS Foundation and the Bill and Melinda GatesFoundation, focus on providing direct patient care services and AIDS prevention education. For the past 19 years, the Campbell Foundation has filled a crucial niche for up-and-coming researchers, as well as proven labs around the U.S. that otherwisemight not be able to obtain funding for projects that could lead to a cure.Since 1995, The Campbell Foundation has given away more than $8 million dollars for more than 130 research projects throughout the world. Another $1 million has gone to direct services for those with HIV/AIDS.The foundation provides seed money to those on the cutting edge of research designed to eradicate the virus. Thanks to one of our grants, a Lauren Sciences research team at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel was able to overcome the “blood brain barrier” that prevents the HIV-fighting drug Tenofovir from passing into the brain to fight the disease.Scientists have come a long way toward finding a cure, and in the process many of those afflicted with the disease are living much longer than in the past. It’s the incremental steps made by researchers around the world that have gotten us this far. As the Campbell Foundation prepares for its 20-year anniversary next year, we hope that one day our mission is accomplished and a cure for AIDS is discovered. In the meantime, even though AIDS is not in the news every day, we must continue to find ways to financially support those who are battling the virus as well as those in search of a cure. Ken Rapkin is program officer for the Campbell Foundation, a nonprofit organization based in Fort Lauderdale thatprovides funding to scientists around the world working to find a cure for AIDS. www.campbellfoundation.net

Nigeria Is Largest Recipient of U.S Aid On HIV and Aids Prevention - Entwistle

Nigeria is the largest recipient of the U.S President's Emergency Plan for Aids Relief (PEPFAR) in the world, U.S Ambassador to Nigeria, Mr James Entwistle, has said. Entwistle made this known at a reception to celebrate the 238th anniversary of U.S Independence in Abuja on Friday night.According to him, Nigeria is receiving 458 million dollars support each year to help prevent diseases such as malaria.He said a large portion of the money was also used to treat and help prevent diseases such as Tuberculosis and HIV andAIDS.The ambassador used the occasion of the July 4 celebrations at the expansive U.S embassy compound in Abuja to highlight U.S priorities and commitment to peace, security and rapid development in Nigeria.


7 July 2014, Source: Vanguard

Preventing HIV Transmission

Community Gonzalo HIV Prevention




There are a number of effective tools available to help prevent HIV infection.








These include
  • ·       condom use
  • ·       male circumcision
  • ·       PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis --the use of anti-retroviral (ARV)medication in HIV-negative people at high risk for HIV) and
  • ·       post-exposure prophylaxis (which involves taking ARV medication as soon as possible after exposure to HIV).



For people who inject drugs, syringe exchange programs and substance abuse treatment are important elements of HIV prevention.



Furthermore, the appropriate use of ARV medications by people who are HIV positive can lower viral load and reduce HIV transmission to their HIV negative partners by 96 percent.